National and international nicotine dependence

Neurobiology of nicotine dependence

Nicotine is a psychoactive ingredient in tobacco that significantly contributes to the harmful tobacco smoking habit. Nicotine dependence is more prevalent than dependence on any other substance. Preclinical research in animal models of the various aspects of nicotine dependence suggests a critical role of glutamate, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cholinergic and dopamine neurotransmitter interact...

Susceptibility to nicotine dependence: the Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth 2 study.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to identify characteristics that predict progression from the first inhalation of a cigarette to dependence. We studied a cohort of 1246 public school 6th-graders in 6 Massachusetts communities (mean age at baseline: 12.2 years). METHODS We conducted a 4-year prospective study using 11 interviews. We assessed 45 risk factors and measured diminished auto...

Are differences in guidelines for the treatment of nicotine dependence and non-nicotine dependence justified?

Despite the many similarities between nicotine dependence and other drug dependences, national guidelines for their treatment differ in several respects. The recent national guideline for the treatment of nicotine dependence has (i) less emphasis on detailed assessment; (ii) less emphasis on treatment of psychiatric comorbidity; (iii) less acceptance of reduction of use as an initial treatment ...

Nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers.

OBJECTIVE To assess nicotine dependence among adolescents to determine whether quitting smoking is associated with the emergence of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving, and to identify the factors associated with these symptoms. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS We studied 2197 10th-grade students in 6 San Jose, Calif, high schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking status; his...

Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence